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Longitudinal analysis of human humoral responses after vaccination with a live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0009743 (2021), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Vibrio cholerae is a bacterial pathogen which causes the severe acute diarrheal disease cholera. Given that a symptomatic incident of cholera can lead to long term protection, a thorough understanding of the immune response to this pathogen is needed to identify parameters critical to the generation and durability of immunity. To approach this, we utilized a live attenuated cholera vaccine to model the response to V. cholerae infection in 12 naïve subjects. We found that this live attenuated vaccine induced durable vibriocidal antibody titers that were maintained at least one year after vaccination. Similar to what we previously reported in infected patients from Bangladesh, we found that vaccination induced plasmablast responses were primarily specific to the two immunodominant antigens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cholera toxin (CT). Interestingly, the magnitude of the early plasmablast response at day 7 predicted the serological outcome of vaccination at day 30. However, this correlation was no longer present at later timepoints. The acute responses displayed preferential immunoglobulin isotype usage, with LPS specific cells being largely IgM or IgA producing, while cholera toxin responses were predominantly IgG. Finally, CCR9 was highly expressed on vaccine induced plasmablasts, especially on IgM and IgA producing cells, suggesting a role in migration to the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the use of a live attenuated cholera vaccine is an effective tool to examine the primary and long-term immune response following V. cholerae exposure. Additionally, it provides insight into the phenotype and specificity of the cells which likely return to and mediate immunity at the intestinal mucosa. A thorough understanding of these properties both in peripheral blood and in the intestinal mucosae will inform future vaccine development against both cholera and other mucosal pathogens. Trial Registration:NCT03251495.<br />Author summary Cholera is a severe diarrheal illness which affects millions of people annually. Those most affected reside in developing countries where outbreaks can cause a devastating healthcare crisis. Despite this, much is still unknown regarding the longevity of protective immune responses or how they are generated and maintained. This includes aspects of the mucosal response where immunity is induced, as well as features of the early immune response that could predict long-term immunity. To address these issues, we examined primary humoral immune responses following administration of a live attenuated cholera vaccine to 12 human participants. This study provides insight into the development of humoral immunity and information that may prove valuable for improving cholerae vaccines and treatments.
- Subjects :
- Bacterial Diseases
Lipopolysaccharides
Male
Time Factors
Physiology
RC955-962
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
Medical Conditions
Cholera
Immune Physiology
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Toxins
Public and Occupational Health
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Immune Response
Vaccines
B-Lymphocytes
Immune System Proteins
Attenuated vaccine
Vaccination
Cholera toxin
Vibrio cholerae O1
Middle Aged
Vaccination and Immunization
Antibodies, Bacterial
Bacterial Pathogens
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Vibrio cholerae
Female
Pathogens
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adult
Cholera Toxin
Infectious Disease Control
Immunology
Toxic Agents
Research and Analysis Methods
Vaccines, Attenuated
Microbiology
Antibodies
Receptors, CCR
Young Adult
Immune system
Immunity
Vibrio Cholerae
medicine
Humans
Immunoassays
Microbial Pathogens
Vibrio
Bacteria
business.industry
Organisms
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
Cholera Vaccines
Tropical Diseases
medicine.disease
Immunity, Humoral
Immunoglobulin A
Gene Expression Regulation
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin G
Immunologic Techniques
Preventive Medicine
business
Cholera vaccine
Immunologic Memory
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19352735
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e1bbb9d508751d208eca6b597c1e65b8