Age and risk of major complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer

Introduction Radical cystectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but it may be unsafe in older patients. Aim In this study, we investigated whether age and selected clinical characteristics were associated with outcomes of radical cystectomy. Material and methods We enrolled 434 patients with MIBC who underwent radical cystectomy between 2012 and 2016, and we classified them into three age groups: < 65, 66–74, and ≥ 75 years. Postoperative complications were classified on the Clavien-Dindo scale. Regression models were used to find predictors of major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo score of 3 or more), long hospital stay (> 7 days), blood loss, and operating time. The models included American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, age group, sex, body mass index, Tumor Nodes Metastasis scores, type of urine derivation (ileal conduit or orthotopic bladder vs. ureterocutaneostomy), and operation type (open vs. laparoscopic). Results In the regression models, age was not a significant predictor of major complications, long hospital stay, or blood loss (p ≥ 0.206). Older age was associated with shorter surgery times (p = 0.002). Higher preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists scores tended to be associated with a greater risk of major complications (odds ratio, 1.47; p = 0.092). Conclusions Older age was not associated with an increased risk of major complications in patients who undergo radical cystectomy because of MIBC. Therefore, older age alone should not be a contraindication to this operation.