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Ginseng Protects Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Modulating Multiple Immune Cells and Inhibiting Viral Replication
- Source :
- Nutrients, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 1021-1036, Nutrients, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 1021-1036 (2015)
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years but its effects on viral infection have not been well understood. We investigated the effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection using in vitro cell culture and in vivo mouse models. RGE partially protected human epithelial (HEp2) cells from RSV-induced cell death and viral replication. In addition, RGE significantly inhibited the production of RSV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) in murine dendritic and macrophage-like cells. More importantly, RGE intranasal pre-treatment prevented loss of mouse body weight after RSV infection. RGE treatment improved lung viral clearance and enhanced the production of interferon (IFN-γ) in bronchoalveolar lavage cells upon RSV infection of mice. Analysis of cellular phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed that RGE treatment increased the populations of CD8+ T cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells upon RSV infection of mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence that ginseng has protective effects against RSV infection through multiple mechanisms, which include improving cell survival, partial inhibition of viral replication and modulation of cytokine production and types of immune cells migrating into the lung.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_treatment
viruses
respiratory syncytial virus
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Virus Replication
Immuno-modulatory effects
Mice
0302 clinical medicine
Interferon
Interferon gamma
Lung
Mice, Inbred BALB C
0303 health sciences
Nutrition and Dietetics
Viral Load
respiratory system
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
3. Good health
Cytokine
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
antiviral activity
Female
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Viral load
medicine.drug
Cell Survival
Panax
lcsh:TX341-641
Respiratory Mucosa
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
ginseng
Biology
Antiviral Agents
Article
Cell Line
Interferon-gamma
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
medicine
Animals
Humans
030304 developmental biology
Plant Extracts
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Epithelial Cells
Dendritic Cells
Virology
cytokines
CD11c Antigen
Viral replication
Cell culture
Food Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726643
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e1662322bac2777e6d14d06f0b219947
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7021021