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A Comparison of Procedural Safety Training in Three Conditions: Virtual Reality Headset, Smartphone, and Printed Materials
- Source :
- IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies. 14:1-15
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Virtual reality (VR) experiences are receiving increasing attention in education and training. Some VR setups can deliver immersive VR training (e.g., on multiple projected screens), while others can deliver nonimmersive VR training (e.g., on standard desktop monitors). Recently, consumer VR headsets make it possible to deliver immersive VR training with six-degrees-of-freedom tracking of trainees’ head as well as hand controllers, while most smartphones can deliver nonimmersive VR training without the need for additional hardware. Previous studies compared immersive and nonimmersive VR setups for training, highlighting effects on performance, learning, presence, and engagement, but no study focused on contrasting procedural training with (immersive) VR headsets and (nonimmersive) smartphones. This article conducts a comparison of these two VR setups in the aviation safety domain. The considered training concerned door opening procedures in different aircraft and included a virtual instructor. In addition, we compared the two VR setups with the traditional printed materials used in the considered domain, i.e., safety cards. Results show that both VR setups allowed gaining and retaining more procedural knowledge than printed materials, and led to higher confidence in performing procedures. However, only the VR headset was considered to be significantly more usable than the printed materials, and presence was higher with the VR headset than the smartphone. The VR headset turned out to be important also for engagement and satisfaction, which were higher with the VR headset than both the printed materials and the smartphone. We discuss the implications of these results.
- Subjects :
- business.product_category
non-immersive VR
Computer science
Headset
VR headset
ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
02 engineering and technology
Virtual reality
smartphone
Education
procedural training
mobile devices
Human–computer interaction
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
aviation safety
Headphones
virtual instructor
05 social sciences
Virtual reality, procedural training, virtual instructor, immersive VR, non-immersive VR, VR headset, smartphone, mobile devices, user study, aviation safety
General Engineering
Educational technology
050301 education
020207 software engineering
immersive VR
Procedural knowledge
Computer Science Applications
Visualization
user study
Task analysis
business
0503 education
Mobile device
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 23720050
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e0ce691b8f68c85595c64bec8646c7ca