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Aberrant Salience, Information Processing, and Dopaminergic Signaling in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
- Source :
- Biological Psychiatry. 88:304-314
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The aberrant salience hypothesis proposes that striatal dopamine dysregulation causes misattribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli leading to psychosis. Recently, new lines of preclinical evidence on information coding by subcortical dopamine coupled with computational models of the brain's ability to predict and make inferences about the world (predictive processing) provide a new perspective on this hypothesis. We review these and summarize the evidence for dopamine dysfunction, reward processing, and salience abnormalities in people at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) relative to findings in patients with psychosis. This review identifies consistent evidence for dysregulated subcortical dopamine function in people at CHR, but also indicates a number of areas where neurobiological processes are different in CHR subjects relative to patients with psychosis, particularly in reward processing. We then consider how predictive processing models may explain psychotic symptoms in terms of alterations in prediction error and precision signaling using Bayesian approaches. We also review the potential role of environmental risk factors, particularly early adverse life experiences, in influencing the prior expectations that individuals have about their world in terms of computational models of the progression from being at CHR to frank psychosis. We identify a number of key outstanding questions, including the relative roles of prediction error or precision signaling in the development of symptoms and the mechanism underlying dopamine dysfunction. Finally, we discuss how the integration of computational psychiatry with biological investigation may inform the treatment for people at CHR of psychosis.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Psychosis
Dopamine
Dopaminergic
Information processing
Bayes Theorem
medicine.disease
Prodrome
03 medical and health sciences
Information coding
Cognition
030104 developmental biology
0302 clinical medicine
Psychotic Disorders
Reward
Salience (neuroscience)
medicine
Humans
Misattribution of memory
Psychology
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Biological Psychiatry
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00063223
- Volume :
- 88
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biological Psychiatry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e038c68b1cfdd3666979e5b9fc2bdeed