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Patient, Disease, and Drug-Related Risk Factors Associated with Phenytoin- Induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in South Indian Epileptic Patients - A Prospective Case-Control Study
- Source :
- Current Drug Safety. 17:241-249
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2022.
-
Abstract
- Background: Phenytoin is the most commonly reported aromatic Anti-Epileptic Drug (AED) to cause Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs). Cutaneous adverse drug reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. It has been observed that predisposition is multifactorial and that gene mutations alone cannot be the cause. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the patient, disease, and drug-related risk factors associated with phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in South Indian epileptic patients. Methods: This study was conducted as a single-center prospective case-control study over a period of 13 months. The Fisher’s exact test and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to test the association of single and multiple variables, respectively. Results: This study comprised 26 patients with phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (PHT-CARDs) and 32 phenytoin-tolerant controls with a mean age of 40.60±18.15 and 36.21±14.71 years, respectively. Among 26 phenytoin-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions, 76.92% cases were mild-moderate reactions and 23.07% were severe. The onset latency period of these reactions ranged from 7-42 days. The multivariate analysis showed that multiple AEDs (OR =18.62, 95% CI 4.28-80.87, p=< .001) and comorbidities (OR= 5.98, 95% CI 1.33-26.78, p=.01) are risk factors for PHT-CADRs. PHT-SCARs were shown to be associated with previous allergy history (OR= 31, % CI 2.40-398.8, p=.008). Conclusion: The risk factors found to be associated with CARDs in South Indian Epileptic patients are multiple AEDs, comorbidities, and past allergic history. Therefore, physicians and other associated health care professionals should closely monitor the patients when phenytoin is employed.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Phenytoin
Drug
medicine.medical_specialty
Multivariate analysis
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
media_common.quotation_subject
Disease
Gene mutation
Toxicology
Young Adult
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Pharmacology (medical)
Drug reaction
media_common
Pharmacology
Epilepsy
business.industry
Middle Aged
Exact test
Case-Control Studies
Latency stage
Anticonvulsants
business
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15748863
- Volume :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Current Drug Safety
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....df0dfcda29d7738fdaf7bf26b04c7274