Establishing design guidelines for compound horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments

Easa, S., & Dabbour, E. (2005). Establishing design guidelines for compound horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 32(4), 615-626.
In current design guides, the minimum radii of compound horizontal curves are based on the design require- ments of simple horizontal curves for each arc on flat terrain. Such a design ignores the effects of compound curvature and vertical alignment. This paper uses computer simulation software to establish the minimum radius requirements for compound curves, considering these effects. The actual lateral acceleration experienced by a vehicle negotiating a two- dimensional (2-D) simple curve is recorded as a base scenario to facilitate the analysis of a compound curve on a flat terrain or combined with vertical alignment (three-dimensional (3-D) compound curves). The vertical alignments exam- ined include upgrades, downgrades, crest curves, and sag curves. Mathematical models for minimum radius require- ments were developed for flat and 3-D compound curves. Three types of design vehicles were used. The results show that an increase in the minimum radius ranging from 5% to 26% is required to compensate for the effects of both compound curvature and vertical alignment