Impact of race on survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the REVEAL registry

BACKGROUND Prior research has suggested that the prevalence and outcomes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may vary by race or ethnicity. However, these studies have been limited by small sample size or methodological techniques relying on epidemiologic data. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity and survival in a large U.S.-based prospective multicenter registry. METHODS Patients in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL), a 5-year observational study of Group 1 PAH, were categorized by race/ethnicity. Baseline hemodynamic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and medication use was described. The relationship between race/ethnicity and outcome was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling techniques. Left-truncation analysis, which adjusted for time from diagnosis to study enrollment, was used to minimize the effect of survivor bias. RESULTS This analysis included 3,046 patients; 2,202 identified as white, 393 as black, 263 as Hispanic, 100 as Asian or Pacific Islander, and 88 as other. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that white patients had the lowest survival rates. After adjusting for variables of prognostic impact, race/ethnicity was no longer significantly associated with survival. Other results showed that black patients were more likely to have connective tissue disease–associated PAH, Hispanic patients were more likely to have portopulmonary hypertension, and Asian patients were more likely to have congenital heart disease–associated PAH. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the REVEAL registry did not find race/ethnicity to be a significant predictor of mortality. This is the largest analysis to date evaluating the role of race/ethnicity on outcomes in PAH.