Clinical indicators for the incidence of postoperative ileus after elective surgery for colorectal cancer

Background The occurrence of postoperative ileus leads to increased patient morbidity, longer hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. No clear policy on postoperative ileus prevention exists. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the clinical factors involved in the development of postoperative ileus after elective surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent elective surgery involving bowel resection with or without re-anastomosis for colon cancer between April 2015 and March 2020. The primary readout was the presence or absence of postoperative ileus. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify pre- and intraoperative risk factors, and the incidence of postoperative ileus was assessed using independent factors. Results Postoperative ileus occurred in 48 out of 356 patients (13.5%). In multivariate analysis, male sex poor performance status, and intraoperative in–out balance per body weight were independently associated with postoperative ileus development. The incidence of postoperative ileus was 2.5% in the cases with no independent factors; however, it increased to 36.1% when two factors were observed and 75.0% when three factors were matched. Conclusions We discovered that male gender, poor performance status, and intraoperative in–out balance per body weight were associated with the development of postoperative ileus. Of these, intraoperative in–out balance per body weight is a controllable factor. Hence it is important to control the intraoperative in–out balance to lower the risk for postoperative ileus.