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The pig X and Y chromosomes: structure, sequence and evolution
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2014.
-
Abstract
- We have generated an improved assembly and gene annotation of the pig X chromosome, and a first draft assembly of the pig Y chromosome, by sequencing BAC and fosmid clones, and incorporating information from optical mapping and fibre-FISH. The X chromosome carries 1,014 annotated genes, 689 of which are protein-coding. Gene order closely matches that found in Primates (including humans) and Carnivores (including cats and dogs), which is inferred to be ancestral. Nevertheless, several protein-coding genes present on the human X chromosome were absent from the pig (e.g. the cancer/testis antigen family) or inactive (e.g. AWAT1), and 38 pig-specific X-chromosomal genes were annotated, 22 of which were olfactory receptors. The pig Y chromosome assembly focussed on two clusters of male-specific low-copy number genes, separated by an ampliconic region including the HSFY gene family, which together make up most of the short arm. Both clusters contain palindromes with high sequence identity, presumably maintained by gene conversion. The long arm of the chromosome is almost entirely repetitive, containing previously characterised sequences. Many of the ancestral X-related genes previously reported in at least one mammalian Y chromosome are represented either as active genes or partial sequences. This sequencing project has allowed us to identify genes - both single copy and amplified - on the pig Y, to compare the pig X and Y chromosomes for homologous sequences, and thereby to reveal mechanisms underlying pig X and Y chromosome evolution.
- Subjects :
- Resource
0301 basic medicine
Male
X Chromosome
Swine
Molecular Sequence Data
Gene Conversion
Gene Expression
Genomics
Biology
Y chromosome
Evolution, Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
Chromosome 16
Dogs
0302 clinical medicine
Chromosome 19
Y Chromosome
Gene Order
Genetics
Animals
Humans
Gene family
Gene conversion
QH426
Gene
Genetics (clinical)
X chromosome
Gene Library
030304 developmental biology
QL
0303 health sciences
Base Sequence
Chromosome
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chromosomes, Mammalian
Chromosome 17 (human)
Fosmid
030104 developmental biology
Chromosome 4
Chromosome 3
Cats
Female
Chromosome 21
Sequence Alignment
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10889051
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....dd958ff4e297566432e4d442ec9b6212