Mucocutaneous Response to New Therapeutic Strategies in Behçet’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Mucocutaneous lesions are the most frequent symptoms of Behçet’s disease (BD). Recently, new therapies are being used to treat refractory cases, but the effect of these treatments on mucocutaneous manifestations has been scarcely reported. Our objective was to describe the mucocutaneous response to the different therapies used to treat BD in routine clinical practice. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of all patients diagnosed with BD seen at our institution between January 2010 and January 2022. Patients with BD without mucocutaneous manifestations were excluded. We included 109 patients diagnosed with BD: 51 males (46.8%) and 58 females (53.2%). The mean age at diagnosis was 31.58 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.110) and the mean time of disease evolution was 14.94 years (SD 11.094). Oral ulcers were the most frequent symptom present in 100% of patients, followed by genital ulcers (GU) in 76.1% of patients. Twenty-four patients (22%) had severe mucocutaneous symptoms (>12 lesions/year) before treatment. We found that among patients with GU there was a higher prevalence of episodes of posterior uveitis and venous thrombosis ( p = 0.011 and p = 0.045 , respectively). In our series, we observed a lower complete cutaneous response to colchicine in patients with GU, pathergy or severe mucocutaneous symptoms ( p < 0.05 ). Regarding the choice of a TNF-α inhibitor, we observed a lower prevalence of complete cutaneous response to adalimumab among patients with GU (53.3% complete response in patients with GU vs. 100% in patients without GU, p = 0.022 ), whereas no differences were found between clinical characteristics in the response to infliximab.