The efficiency of biological products’ use for winter wheat varieties in the Rostov region

In the conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture in the Rostov Region, unilateral application of mineral fertilizers for winter wheat is not always justified due to a lack of moisture in the soil. In this regard, at present, one of the promising directions is the additional use of water-soluble biological products to mineral fertilizers for the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants. Therefore, in 2016–2017 there were conducted the special experiments to study the effect of various biological products on the productivity and grain quality of the new winter wheat variety “Niva Stavropoliya” sown in a weedfree fallow and the variety “Victoriya 11” sown after oilseed flax. In the field trials there were studied such promising biological products for the southern agricultural area of the Rostov Region as “Extrasol”, “Rostok”, “Aquamix”, “Aquarin 5” and “Aquarin 9”. The effect of the mentioned products was evaluated on the mineral nutrition backgrounds optimal for winter wheat. When the grain crop was sown in weedfree fallow, there were used P60K40 before sowing, + N30 in the tillering phase, + N30 in the phase of head formation. When the grain crop was sown after oilseed flax, nitro-gen was additionally added at a dose of N60 to this fertilizer rate in the period of main tillage. It was established that the most effective results were under the compound use of biological products “Aquamix” (0.1 kg/t) in seed treatment + “Aquarin 5” (2 kg/ha) + “Aquarin 9” (2 kg/ha) in the treatment of plants in the tillering phase and the phase of head formation. At the same time, the yield increase to the background variant was 22.7% for the variety “Niva Stavropoliya” and 21.5% for the variety “Victoriya 11”.