A Single-Center 10-Year Experience of 180 Transmasculine Patients Undergoing Gender-Affirming Mastectomy While Continuing Masculinizing Hormone Replacement Therapy

Gender-affirming mastectomy is a fundamental step in the transition process of transmasculine patients following the initiation of hormone replacement therapy. Its perioperative management, however, remains underreported and controversial. In this study, a large series of mastectomies in transmen maintaining hormonal therapy is presented.Over a 10-year study period, a consecutive series of 180 transmasculine patients undergoing chest masculinizing surgery was evaluated. Demographical and surgical data were collected and analyzed for potential factors influencing outcome.The overall rate of complications was 15.5%. Patients who underwent periareolar incision mastectomy were significantly more likely to develop any type of complication than patients with a sub-mammary incision (28.6% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.045). Hematoma was the most common reason for surgical revision. It occurred significantly more often among the periareolar group (21.4% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.041). Duration and type of hormonal therapy did not differ between patients with or without complications. In a multivariate regression analysis, smoking and type of incision were identified as significant predictors of the all-cause complication rate, whereas the influence of BMI and resection weight diminished after adjusting for confounding factors.There is scarcity of information concerning the influence of perioperative hormonal therapy in patients undergoing chest wall masculinization. The observed complication rates-with special regard to hematoma-were comparable to current reports; yet further research is needed to profoundly evaluate this topic and provide evidence-based recommendations for the perioperative management of HRT of transmasculine patients.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .