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Molecular characterization and evolutionary origins of farinin genes in Brachypodium distachyon L
- Source :
- Journal of Applied Genetics. 57:287-303
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Farinins are one of the oldest members of the gluten family in wheat and Aegilops species, and they influence dough properties. Here, we performed the first detailed molecular genetic study on farinin genes in Brachypodium distachyon L., the model species for Triticum aestivum. A total of 51 b-type farinin genes were cloned and characterized, including 27 functional and 24 non-functional pseudogenes from 14 different B. distachyon accessions. All genes were highly similar to those previously reported from wheat and Aegilops species. The identification of deduced amino acid sequences showed that b-type farinins across Triticeae genomes could be classified as b1-, b2-, b3-, and b4-type farinins; however, B. distachyon had only b3- and b4-type farinins. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that farinin genes are transcribed into mRNA in B. distachyon at much lower levels than in Triticeae, despite the presence of cis-acting elements in promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Brachypodium farinins may have closer relationships with common wheat and further confirmed four different types of b-type farinins in Triticeae and Brachypodium genomes, corresponding to b1, b2, b3 (group 1), and b4 (group 2). A putative evolutionary origin model of farinin genes in Brachypodium, Triticum, and the related species suggests that all b-type farinins diverged from their common ancestor ~3.2 million years ago (MYA). The b3 and b4 types could be considered older in the farinin family. The results explain the loss of b1- and b2-type farinin alleles in Brachypodium.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine
DNA, Plant
Glutens
Pseudogene
Amino Acid Motifs
Biology
Genes, Plant
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
01 natural sciences
Evolution, Molecular
03 medical and health sciences
INDEL Mutation
Phylogenetics
Genetics
Amino Acid Sequence
Common wheat
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Triticeae
Phylogeny
Triticum
Phylogenetic tree
food and beverages
Sequence Analysis, DNA
General Medicine
biology.organism_classification
030104 developmental biology
Multigene Family
Aegilops
Brachypodium
Brachypodium distachyon
Pseudogenes
010606 plant biology & botany
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 21903883 and 12341983
- Volume :
- 57
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Applied Genetics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d98a953a2e9f5b9cdca28adbfd23b02f