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Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily-fluids: A systematic review
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 4, p e0005528 (2017), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017.
-
Abstract
- Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease, which is associated with an increase in central nervous system malformations and newborn microcephaly cases. This review investigated evidence of breastfeeding transmission from ZIKV-infected mothers to their children and the presence of ZIKV infection in breastfeeding-related fluids. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a systematic review of observational studies, case studies, and surveillance reports involving breastfeeding women with ZIKV infection in several international databases. Data extraction and analysis were conducted following a PROSPERO-registered protocol. From 472 non-duplicate records, two case reports met criteria for inclusion. We reviewed three cases of ZIKV infection among lactating mothers near the time of delivery. Two of the three (2/3) associated newborns had evidence of ZIKV infection. ZIKV was detected in breast milk of all three mothers. Breast milk detection results were positive in all mothers (3/3) by RT-PCR, one was positive by culture (1/3), and none was tested for ZIKV-specific antibodies. Serum samples were ZIKV positive in all mothers (3/3), and sweat was not tested for ZIKV. Conclusions/Significance We describe three cases of ZIKV-infected breastfeeding mothers who were symptomatic within three days of delivery, and two cases with ZIKV-infected newborns. While ZIKV was detected in the breast milk of all three mothers, the data are not sufficient to conclude ZIKV transmission via breastfeeding. More evidence is needed to distinguish breastfeeding transmission from other perinatal transmission routes.<br />Author summary Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was considered a mild fever illness until the recent and ongoing outbreak in South America revealed that the virus can cause microcephaly and other neurological disorders. ZIKV is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, but can also spread from person to person through sex, blood transfusion, and from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery. It is unknown if ZIKV can spread from mother to child during breastfeeding. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to summarize evidence of ZIKV transmission via breastfeeding and the presence ZIKV in breast milk. Our search resulted in 2 case reports that described 3 mothers and their newborns. ZIKV was confirmed in the blood and breast milk of all 3 mothers and in the blood of 2 newborns. More evidence is needed to confirm if ZIKV is transmitted via breastfeeding.
- Subjects :
- RNA viruses
0301 basic medicine
Microcephaly
Perinatal transmission
Physiology
Maternal Health
Breastfeeding
Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
Disease
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Pediatrics
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Biochemistry
Zika virus
Families
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine
030212 general & internal medicine
Breast Milk
Children
Immune System Proteins
biology
Zika Virus Infection
Obstetrics
Transmission (medicine)
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Body Fluids
Breast Feeding
Milk
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Female
Pathogens
Anatomy
Infants
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
medicine.medical_specialty
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
lcsh:RC955-962
030106 microbiology
Immunology
Breast milk
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Antibodies
Beverages
03 medical and health sciences
Humans
Molecular Biology Techniques
Microbial Pathogens
Molecular Biology
Nutrition
Biology and life sciences
Flaviviruses
Milk, Human
business.industry
Organisms
Infant, Newborn
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Neonates
Proteins
lcsh:RA1-1270
Zika Virus
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Serum samples
Tropical Diseases
Zika Fever
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Diet
030104 developmental biology
Age Groups
People and Places
Women's Health
Population Groupings
Neonatology
business
Breast feeding
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19352735
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d8e36d427a084bcfe840248222d37a60