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Redox Signaling Mediated by Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems in the Central Nervous System
- Source :
- Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 27:989-1010
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2017.
-
Abstract
- The thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems play important roles in maintaining the redox balance in the brain, a tissue that is prone to oxidative stress due to its high-energy demand. These two disulfide reductase systems are active in various areas of the brain and are considered to be critical antioxidant systems in the central nervous system (CNS). Various neuronal disorders have been characterized to have imbalanced redox homeostasis. Recent Advances: In addition to their detrimental effects, recent studies have highlighted that reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) act as critical signaling molecules by modifying thiols in proteins. The Trx and GSH systems, which reversibly regulate thiol modifications, regulate redox signaling involved in various biological events in the CNS.In this review, we focus on the following: (i) how ROS/RNS are produced and mediate signaling in CNS; (ii) how Trx and GSH systems regulate redox signaling by catalyzing reversible thiol modifications; (iii) how dysfunction of the Trx and GSH systems causes alterations of cellular redox signaling in human neuronal diseases; and (iv) the effects of certain small molecules that target thiol-based signaling pathways in the CNS.Further study on the roles of thiol-dependent redox systems in the CNS will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human neuronal disorders and also help to develop novel protective and therapeutic strategies against neuronal diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 989-1010.
- Subjects :
- Central Nervous System
0301 basic medicine
Cell signaling
Antioxidant
Physiology
medicine.medical_treatment
Clinical Biochemistry
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Thioredoxins
Glutaredoxin
medicine
Humans
Review Articles
Molecular Biology
Reactive nitrogen species
General Environmental Science
chemistry.chemical_classification
Reactive oxygen species
Cell Biology
Glutathione
Reactive Nitrogen Species
Cell biology
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Thioredoxin
Reactive Oxygen Species
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative stress
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15577716 and 15230864
- Volume :
- 27
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d883ead3f1871385beeb56f730e8a1a0