Recurrent urinary retention due to clots caused by a congenital renal arteriovenous malformation that forms a complex vascular network: Report of two cases

Introduction Repeated urinary retention due to clots caused by congenital renal arteriovenous malformation is rare. Case presentation A 40‐year‐old woman (case 1) and a 66‐year‐old man (case 2) experienced recurrent urinary retention due to clots. Neither patient had a history of renal trauma nor was taking any medications. Contrast‐enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a large hematoma in the renal pelvis and ureter with no masses, stones, or vascular lesions and only dilated blood vessels in the arterial phase in case 1. Angiography of the kidney in both patients revealed an arteriovenous malformation, and embolization of the arteries feeding the arteriovenous malformation was performed. Soon after embolization, hematuria disappeared completely with no recurrence for 5 years in case 1 and 2 years in case 2. Conclusion Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation should be considered as a cause of recurrent clot retention, and angiographic embolization of the feeding arteries can be an effective treatment.