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Carotid body chemoreceptors: physiology, pathology, and implications for health and disease
- Source :
- Physiol Rev
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- American Physiological Society, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2and CO2and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to maintain homeostasis. This review examines the fundamental biology underlying CB chemoreceptor function, its contribution to integrated physiological responses, and its role in maintaining health and potentiating disease. Emphasis is placed on 1) transduction mechanisms in chemoreceptor (type I) cells, highlighting the role played by the hypoxic inhibition of O2-dependent K+channels and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and their modification by intracellular molecules and other ion channels; 2) synaptic mechanisms linking type I cells and petrosal nerve terminals, focusing on the role played by the main proposed transmitters and modulatory gases, and the participation of glial cells in regulation of the chemosensory process; 3) integrated reflex responses to CB activation, emphasizing that the responses differ dramatically depending on the nature of the physiological, pathological, or environmental challenges, and the interactions of the chemoreceptor reflex with other reflexes in optimizing oxygen delivery to the tissues; and 4) the contribution of enhanced CB chemosensory discharge to autonomic and cardiorespiratory pathophysiology in obstructive sleep apnea, congestive heart failure, resistant hypertension, and metabolic diseases and how modulation of enhanced CB reactivity in disease conditions may attenuate pathophysiology.
- Subjects :
- Chemoreceptor
Physiology
Review
Autonomic Nervous System
Cardiovascular System
Physiology (medical)
Animals
Humans
Medicine
Respiratory system
Hypoxia
Molecular Biology
Carotid Body
business.industry
General Medicine
Hypoxia (medical)
Chemoreceptor Cells
Pathophysiology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Reflex
Carotid body
medicine.symptom
business
Neuroscience
Transduction (physiology)
Homeostasis
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15221210 and 00319333
- Volume :
- 101
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Physiological Reviews
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d743e21d2c4581413841ba75d4f8a662