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Extracellular High-Mobility Group Box 1 Acts as an Innate Immune Mediator to Enhance Autoimmune Progression and Diabetes Onset in NOD Mice
- Source :
- Diabetes
- Publication Year :
- 2008
- Publisher :
- American Diabetes Association, 2008.
-
Abstract
- OBJECTIVE—The implication of innate immunity in type 1 diabetes development has long been proposed. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an evolutionarily conserved chromosomal protein, was recently recognized to be a potent innate inflammatory mediator when released extracellularly. We sought to test the hypothesis that HMGB1 acts as an innate immune mediator implicated in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Eight- and 12-week-old NOD mice were treated with an HMGB1 neutralizing antibody once a week until 25 weeks of age and monitored for insulitis progression and diabetes onset. The underlying mechanisms of HMGB1 regulation of autoimmune response were further explored.RESULTS—During autoimmunity, HMGB1 can be passively released from damaged pancreatic β-cells and actively secreted by islet infiltrated immune cells. Extracellular HMGB1 is potent in inducing NOD dendritic cell maturation and stimulating macrophage activation. Blockade of HMGB1 significantly inhibited insulitis progression and diabetes development in both 8- and 12-week-old NOD mice. HMGB1 antibody treatment decreased the number and maturation of pancreatic lymph node (PLN) CD11c++CD11b+ dendritic cells, a subset of dendritic cells probably associated with autoantigen presentation to naïve T-cells, but increased the number for PLN CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells. Blockade of HMGB1 also decreased splenic dendritic cell allo-stimulatory capability associated with increased tolergenic CD11c+CD8a+ dendritic cells. Interestingly, the number of CD8+interferon-γ+ (Tc1) T-cells was increased in the PLNs and spleen after blockade of HMGB1, which could be associated with retarded migration of activated autoreactive T-cells into the pancreatic islets.CONCLUSIONS—Extracellular HMGB1 functions as a potent innate immune mediator contributing to insulitis progression and diabetes onset.
- Subjects :
- Cell Survival
CD8 Antigens
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Blotting, Western
Autoimmunity
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
Nod
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Antibodies
Cell Line
Interferon-gamma
Mice
Immune system
Mice, Inbred NOD
Insulin-Secreting Cells
Internal Medicine
medicine
Animals
HMGB1 Protein
NOD mice
Innate immune system
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Macrophages
FOXP3
Forkhead Transcription Factors
Dendritic Cells
Dendritic cell
Flow Cytometry
medicine.disease
Immunity, Innate
Recombinant Proteins
CD11c Antigen
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Immunology
Immunology and Transplantation
Insulitis
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1939327X and 00121797
- Volume :
- 57
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Diabetes
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d7065acee685c92552a6832872a79d07