Banding pattern analysis of initial structural chromosome alterations induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in Syrian hamster cells

Cultured secondary Syrian hamster embryo cells exposed to 0.5 N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) μg/ml medium exhibited chromatid type of aberrations consisting of gaps, breaks and exchanges. Although no specific chromosome or chromosome segment was preferentially affected, chromosomes belonging to the larger groups tended to more often involved. G-band analysis demonstrated that 80% of the lesions occured in negative bands, 9% involved the centromere, 3% were on non-banded heterochromatin, and approximately 8% of the lesions could not be definitely categorized by G-band analysis. Whether the lesions occur at positive bands or at the interface between negative and positive bands is difficult to discern by the G-band resolution. The Y chromosome compared to autosomes of similar size rarely had lesions. X chromosome damage was found in both the euchromatic and heterochromatic arms. However, both sex chromosomes, as well as an autosome (E20) which is heterochromatic on its long arm, were not found joined to the chromatids of other chromosomes, further emphasizing that chromosomes with large heterochromatic areas are isolated in terms of chromatid exchange events. The analysis of MNNG induced chromosome damage indicates that the negative bands are the primary site of damage and points of exchange.