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Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe
- Source :
- Waste Management, 102, 1-16, Dipòsit Digital de la UB, Universidad de Barcelona, Waste Management, Waste Management, Elsevier, 2020, 102, pp.868-883. ⟨10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.031⟩, Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya, instname
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place. A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances. Export Date: 20 December 2019 ispartof: Waste Management vol:102 pages:868-883 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Subjects :
- Refuse and refuse disposal
Eliminació de residus
Incinerator bottom ash
Legislació
Energy Efficiency
020209 energy
Legislation
Legal requirements
Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands
Scrap
02 engineering and technology
Incineration
010501 environmental sciences
Solid Waste
01 natural sciences
Coal Ash
12. Responsible consumption
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
media_common.cataloged_instance
Inert waste
European Union
European union
Waste Management and Disposal
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
media_common
Waste management
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering
Norway
legal situation
Municipal solid waste incineration
Utilisation
Europe
Switzerland
[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
13. Climate action
Bottom ash
Environmental science
Incineració
Leaching (metallurgy)
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0956053X
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Waste Management, 102, 1-16, Dipòsit Digital de la UB, Universidad de Barcelona, Waste Management, Waste Management, Elsevier, 2020, 102, pp.868-883. ⟨10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.031⟩, Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya, instname
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d69ba4d512234ce74557c960145be33a