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Immunopathogenesis of dengue virus infection
- Source :
- Journal of biomedical science. 8(5)
- Publication Year :
- 2001
-
Abstract
- Dengue virus infection causes dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), whose pathogeneses are not clearly understood. Current hypotheses of antibody-dependent enhancement, virus virulence, and IFN-gamma/TNFalpha-mediated immunopathogenesis are insufficient to explain clinical manifestations of DHF/DSS such as thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration. Dengue virus infection induces transient immune aberrant activation of CD4/CD8 ratio inversion and cytokine overproduction, and infection of endothelial cells and hepatocytes causes apoptosis and dysfunction of these cells. The coagulation and fibrinolysis systems are also activated after dengue virus infection. We propose a new hypothesis for the immunopathogenesis for dengue virus infection. The aberrant immune responses not only impair the immune response to clear the virus, but also result in overproduction of cytokines that affect monocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. Platelets are destroyed by crossreactive anti-platelet autoantibodies. Dengue-virus-induced vasculopathy and coagulopathy must be involved in the pathogenesis of hemorrhage, and the unbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis activation increases the likelihood of severe hemorrhage in DHF/DSS. Hemostasis is maintained unless the dysregulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis persists. The overproduced IL-6 might play a crucial role in the enhanced production of anti-platelet or anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies, elevated levels of tPA, as well as a deficiency in coagulation. Capillary leakage is triggered by the dengue virus itself or by antibodies to its antigens. This immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS can account for specific characteristics of clinical, pathologic, and epidemiological observations in dengue virus infection.
- Subjects :
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
medicine.medical_treatment
Clinical Biochemistry
Dengue virus
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Antiviral Agents
Virus
Dengue fever
Pathogenesis
Dengue
Immune system
Antigen
Fibrinolysis
medicine
Animals
Humans
Pharmacology (medical)
Molecular Biology
Interleukin-6
Biochemistry (medical)
Cell Biology
General Medicine
Dengue Virus
medicine.disease
Virology
Disease Models, Animal
Cytokine
Blood
Liver
Immunology
Endothelium, Vascular
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10217770
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of biomedical science
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d666d71edf6008853b3d792cf80db175