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EAT/mcl-1 Expression in the Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells undergoing Differentiation or Apoptosis
- Source :
- Experimental Cell Research. 266:114-125
- Publication Year :
- 2001
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2001.
-
Abstract
- Differentiation and apoptosis are precisely regulated events in early embryogenesis. Retinoic acid-induced differentiation in the embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line NCR-G3 triggers concurrent induction of apoptosis. Using this system, which serves as a model of early embryogenesis, the expression of various bcl-2-related genes was analyzed as these genes display either positive or negative regulatory effects on apoptosis. EAT/mcl-1, an antiapoptotic bcl-2-related gene and immediate early gene, was dramatically expressed at an early stage of NCR-G3 differentiation. Bcl-xL, another antiapoptotic gene, was induced at a middle stage of differentiation and then gradually decreased to basal level. Expression of Bax, a proapoptotic molecule, was detected at a high level and remained relatively constant. Meanwhile, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xS were below detectable levels throughout the various stages of differentiation. As the balance of bcl-2 genes is a crucial regulatory step in apoptosis, the results suggest that EAT and Bax likely regulate apoptosis in the early stages of differentiation. In later stages of differentiation, down-regulation of EAT was found to coincide with a gradual increase in apoptosis of NCR-G3 cells. Furthermore, use of the monoclonal antibody (3A2) specific to EAT revealed that EAT is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane in human EC cells. In addition, EAT immunoreactivity was not detected in apoptotic NCR-G3 cells while it was observed in nearly all viable cells. The findings suggest that rapid induction of EAT may prevent NCR-G3 cells from undergoing apoptosis, thereby supporting viability at the early stage of differentiation.
- Subjects :
- Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells
medicine.drug_class
Antineoplastic Agents
Apoptosis
Tretinoin
Biology
Monoclonal antibody
Models, Biological
Embryonal carcinoma
Basal (phylogenetics)
medicine
Humans
Gene
Body Patterning
Bcl-2 family
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Cell Differentiation
Cell Biology
Embryo, Mammalian
medicine.disease
Immunohistochemistry
Mitochondria
Neoplasm Proteins
Cell biology
Microscopy, Electron
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
Cell culture
Neoplastic Stem Cells
Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
Immediate early gene
Subcellular Fractions
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00144827
- Volume :
- 266
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Experimental Cell Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d46e4c27fc5dbec82a3b5896bfb33e70