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Nidovirus Sialate-O-Acetylesterases

Authors :
Gerrit J. Gerwig
Johannis P. Kamerling
Arno L. W. van Vliet
Reinhard Vlasak
Raoul J. de Groot
Arjen Lissenberg
Peter Briza
Saskia L. Smits
Source :
The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
ASBMB. Currently published by Elsevier Inc; originally published by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology., 2021.

Abstract

Many viruses achieve reversible attachment to sialic acid (Sia) by encoding envelope glycoproteins with receptor-binding and receptor-destroying activities. Toroviruses and group 2 coronaviruses bind to O-acetylated Sias, presumably via their spike proteins (S), whereas other glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin-esterases (HE), destroy Sia receptors by de-O-acetylation. Here, we present a comprehensive study of these enzymes. Sialate-9-O-acetylesterases specific for 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, described for bovine and human coronaviruses, also occur in equine coronaviruses and in porcine toroviruses. Bovine toroviruses, however, express novel sialate-9-O-acetylesterases, which prefer the di-O-acetylated substrate 5-N-acetyl-7(8),9-di-O-acetylneuraminic acid. Whereas most rodent coronaviruses express sialate-4-O-acetylesterases, the HE of murine coronavirus DVIM cleaves 9-O-acetylated Sias. Under the premise that HE specificity reflects receptor usage, we propose that two types of Sias serve as initial attachment factors for coronaviruses in mice. There are striking parallels between orthomyxo- and nidovirus biology. Reminiscent of antigenic shifts in orthomyxoviruses, rodent coronaviruses exchanged S and HE sequences through recombination to extents not appreciated before. As for orthomyxovirus reassortants, the fitness of nidovirus recombinant offspring probably depends both on antigenic properties and on compatibility of receptor-binding and receptor-destroying activities.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1083351X and 00219258
Volume :
280
Issue :
8
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....d3ce0257e476f4a8b2866575b68b0dd8