High Grade of Amplification of Six Regions on Chromosome 2p in a Neuroblastoma Patient with Very Poor Outcome: The Putative New Oncogene TSSC1

Simple Summary Here, a case of neuroblastoma (NB) carrying a high-grade amplification of six loci besides MYCN is described. Since the patient had a very poor outcome, we postulated that these DNA co-amplifications might have a synergistic effect in increasing NB cell proliferation. In order to verify this hypothesis, we analyzed in silico the impact of high expression of the genes located within the amplifications on the NB patients’ outcome using a large dataset integrating three different platforms. These analyses disclosed that high expression of the TSSC1 gene was the most significantly associated with reduced overall survival of NB patients, suggesting that it may have a potential prognostic role in NB in both MYCN amplified and MYCN not amplified tumors. Further studies on TSSC1 interactions and functioning could lead to possible focused therapies for high-risk NB patients. Abstract We observed a case of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) carried by a 28-month-old girl, displaying metastatic disease and a rapid decline of clinical conditions. By array-CGH analysis of the tumor tissue and of the metastatic bone marrow aspirate cells, we found a high-grade amplification of six regions besides MYCN on bands 2p25.3–p24.3. The genes involved in these amplifications were MYT1L, TSSC1, CMPK2, RSAD2, RNF144A, GREB1, NTSR2, LPIN1, NBAS, and the two intergenic non-protein coding RNAs LOC730811 and LOC339788. We investigated if these DNA co-amplifications may have an effect on enhancing tumor aggressiveness. We evaluated the association between the high expression of the amplified genes and NB patient’s outcome using the integration of gene expression data of 786 NB samples profiled with different public platforms from patients with at least five-year follow-up. NB patients with high expression of the TSSC1 gene were associated with a reduced survival rate. Immunofluorescence staining on primary tumor tissues confirmed that the TSSC1 protein expression was high in the relapsed or dead stage 4 cases, but it was generally low in NB patients in complete remission. TSSC1 appears as a putative new oncogene in NB.