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Typical forcings, NP search problems and an extension of a theorem of Riis
- Source :
- Annals of Pure and Applied Logic. 172:102930
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- We define typical forcings encompassing many informal forcing arguments in bounded arithmetic and give general conditions for such forcings to produce models of the universal variant of relativized T 2 1 . We apply this result to study the relative complexity of total (type 2) NP search problems associated to finitary combinatorial principles. Complexity theory compares such problems with respect to polynomial time many-one or Turing reductions. From a logical perspective such problems are graded according to the bounded arithmetic theories that prove their totality. The logical analogue of a reduction is to prove the totality of one problem from the totality of another. The link between the two perspectives is tight for what we call universal variants of relativized bounded arithmetics. We strengthen a theorem of Buss and Johnson (2012) that infers relative bounded depth Frege proofs of totality from polynomial time Turing reducibility. As an application of our general forcing method we derive a strong form of Riis' finitization theorem (1993). We extend it by exhibiting a simple model-theoretic property that implies independence from the universal variant of relativized T 2 1 plus the weak pigeonhole principle. More generally, we show that the universal variant of relativized T 2 1 does not prove (the totality of the total NP search problem associated to) a strong finitary combinatorial principle from a weak one. Being weak or strong are simple model-theoretic properties based on the behavior of the principles with respect to finite structures that are only partially defined.
- Subjects :
- Discrete mathematics
Forcing (recursion theory)
Reduction (recursion theory)
Logic
Pigeonhole principle
010102 general mathematics
Mathematics - Logic
0102 computer and information sciences
16. Peace & justice
01 natural sciences
Combinatorial principles
010201 computation theory & mathematics
Bounded function
FOS: Mathematics
Search problem
Finitary
0101 mathematics
Logic (math.LO)
Time complexity
Mathematics
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01680072
- Volume :
- 172
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Annals of Pure and Applied Logic
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d196265fbcaa99ef278e5543e71c3c88