Mediterranean diet and lung function, sensitization, and asthma at school age: The PARIS cohort

Background The Mediterranean diet (MD) has known health benefits but its specific impact on allergy development is unclear. As part of the PARIS birth cohort follow-up, we aimed to investigate the adherence of 8 years old children to the MD and its association with allergic/respiratory morbidity at school age. Methods Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire completed by the parents. Adherence to the MD was assessed based on two scores: the KIDMED index and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Current allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis, eczema), lung function indices (FEV1 and FVC), FeNO and specific IgE levels were determined during a health check-up at 8 years. Associations between levels of adherence to the MD and respiratory/allergic morbidity were studied using multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 975 children were included in the present study, 35.6% with low adherence to the MD, 55.7% with moderate adherence, and 8.7% with high adherence according to the KIDMED index. High family socioeconomic status, any breastfeeding at 6 months, and consumption of organic food were associated with higher adherence to the MD. Compared to low adherence, high adherence was associated with lower risk of asthma and sensitization at 8 years, as well as higher FEV1 and FVC. Conclusion This study suggests a protective effect of high adherence to the MD on allergic and respiratory morbidity at school age. These results need to be confirmed by further longitudinal analyses. A healthy diet may prevent allergic and respiratory morbidity in school-aged children.