Spatial Distribution of Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria in Urban Areas. A Case Study in València (Spain)

The emergence of pathogenic bacteria that are multi-resistant to antibiotics lurks in today's society. In the golden age of the discovery of new antibiotic-producing microorganisms, each contribution was a step forward, but currently the progression is no longer so spectacular. The probability of finding new microorganisms and different antibiotics is lower and lower. The use of spatial statistical methods such as the Kriging technique has been shown to be suitable for this purpose, allowing us to determine areas with greater possibilities of locating these microorganisms. For a practical approach of our estimations, a total of 12 isolates capable of inhibiting the growth of several control strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and at least one other) were analyzed. The isolates were preliminarily characterized, and subsequently identified at the species level by DNA sequence analyses (16S rDNA PCR) and protein analyses (MALDI-TOF MS). However, between soil pH values and the number of isolates capable of inhibiting the control strains. Geospatial mapping with RStudio software provide a satisfactory predictive tool for isolation of new microbial isolates.