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Protective Effects of Scolopendra Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Seizures in Mice
- Source :
- Brain Sciences, Volume 9, Issue 12
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with potent neurotoxic action characterized by neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the protective effects of a Scolopendra water extract (SWE) against TMT intoxication in hippocampal neurons, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Specifically, we examined the actions of SWE on TMT- (5 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons (7 days in vitro) and the effects of SWE on hippocampal degeneration in adult TMT- (2.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) treated C57BL/6 mice. We found that SWE pretreatment (0&ndash<br />100 &mu<br />g/mL) significantly reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Additionally, this study showed that perioral administration of SWE (5 mg/kg), from &minus<br />6 to 0 days before TMT injection, significantly attenuated hippocampal cell degeneration and seizures in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Iba-1 (Allograft inflammatory factor 1)- and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)-immunostained cells revealed a significant reduction in the levels of Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cell bodies in the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice treated with SWE prior to TMT injection. These data indicated that SWE pretreatment significantly protected the hippocampus against the massive activation of microglia and astrocytes elicited by TMT. In addition, our data showed that the SWE-induced reduction of immune cell activation was linked to a significant reduction in cell death and a significant improvement in TMT-induced seizure behavior. Thus, we conclude that SWE ameliorated the detrimental effects of TMT toxicity on hippocampal neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings hint at a promising pharmacotherapeutic use of SWE in hippocampal degeneration and dysfunction.
- Subjects :
- hippocampus
seizure
Hippocampus
Hippocampal formation
Pharmacology
Article
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
In vivo
medicine
education
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
education.field_of_study
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
biology
Chemistry
Scolopendra subspinipes
General Neuroscience
Dentate gyrus
Neurodegeneration
medicine.disease
trimethyltin
Toxicity
biology.protein
Allograft inflammatory factor 1
neuronal degeneration
human activities
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20763425
- Volume :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Brain Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cf8325215dad3393d23670fd809d62b8