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Combining Phi6 as a surrogate virus and computational large‐eddy simulations to study airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a restaurant
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- John Wiley & Sons A/S, 2022.
-
Abstract
- COVID-19 has highlighted the need for indoor risk-reduction strategies. Our aim is to provide information about the virus dispersion and attempts to reduce the infection risk. Indoor transmission was studied simulating a dining situation in a restaurant. Aerosolized Phi6 viruses were detected with several methods. The aerosol dispersion was modeled by using the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. Three risk-reduction strategies were studied: (1) augmenting ventilation with air purifiers, (2) spatial partitioning with dividers, and (3) combination of 1 and 2. In all simulations infectious viruses were detected throughout the space proving the existence long-distance aerosol transmission indoors. Experimental cumulative virus numbers and LES dispersion results were qualitatively similar. The LES results were further utilized to derive the evolution of infection probability. Air purifiers augmenting the effective ventilation rate by 65% reduced the spatially averaged infection probability by 30%-32%. This relative reduction manifests with approximately 15 min lag as aerosol dispersion only gradually reaches the purifier units. Both viral findings and LES results confirm that spatial partitioning has a negligible effect on the mean infection-probability indoors, but may affect the local levels adversely. Exploitation of high-resolution LES jointly with microbiological measurements enables an informative interpretation of the experimental results and facilitates a more complete risk assessment.
- Subjects :
- Restaurants
Environmental Engineering
virukset
communicable diseases
indoor air
infektiot
tartuntataudit
virus diseases
Humans
viruses
simulointi
infections
Infective viruses
aerosolit
Aerosol transmission
SARS-CoV-2
sisäilma
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
COVID-19
Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets
Air purifiers
Building and Construction
simulation
air quality
3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health
virustaudit
Air Pollution, Indoor
ilmanlaatu
Space dividers
Infection-probability
aerosols
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cdc47e5aa278a315b4b9f50866cf7c93