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Experimental ocean acidification alters the allocation of metabolic energy
- Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112:4696-4701
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Energy is required to maintain physiological homeostasis in response to environmental change. Although responses to environmental stressors frequently are assumed to involve high metabolic costs, the biochemical bases of actual energy demands are rarely quantified. We studied the impact of a near-future scenario of ocean acidification [800 µatm partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)] during the development and growth of an important model organism in developmental and environmental biology, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Size, metabolic rate, biochemical content, and gene expression were not different in larvae growing under control and seawater acidification treatments. Measurements limited to those levels of biological analysis did not reveal the biochemical mechanisms of response to ocean acidification that occurred at the cellular level. In vivo rates of protein synthesis and ion transport increased ∼50% under acidification. Importantly, the in vivo physiological increases in ion transport were not predicted from total enzyme activity or gene expression. Under acidification, the increased rates of protein synthesis and ion transport that were sustained in growing larvae collectively accounted for the majority of available ATP (84%). In contrast, embryos and prefeeding and unfed larvae in control treatments allocated on average only 40% of ATP to these same two processes. Understanding the biochemical strategies for accommodating increases in metabolic energy demand and their biological limitations can serve as a quantitative basis for assessing sublethal effects of global change. Variation in the ability to allocate ATP differentially among essential functions may be a key basis of resilience to ocean acidification and other compounding environmental stressors.
- Subjects :
- Male
Time Factors
Environmental change
Oceans and Seas
ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species
Gene Expression
pCO2
chemistry.chemical_compound
biology.animal
Animals
Seawater
14. Life underwater
Model organism
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Sea urchin
Ion transporter
Analysis of Variance
Multidisciplinary
biology
Ecology
ved/biology
Age Factors
Proteins
Ocean acidification
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Biological Sciences
biology.organism_classification
Cell biology
chemistry
13. Climate action
Larva
Carbon dioxide
Female
Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
Energy Metabolism
Acids
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 10916490 and 00278424
- Volume :
- 112
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cd10d122b96bc371d7ccebb121a5b05a