Back to Search
Start Over
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seropositivity is associated with parasite infections in Ugandan fishing communities on Lake Victoria islands
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 10, p e0007776 (2019), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- We investigated the impact of helminths and malaria infection on Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity, using samples and data collected from a cluster-randomised trial of intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment. The trial was carried out in 2012 to 2016 among fishing communities on Lake Victoria islands in Uganda. Plasma samples from 2881 participants from two household surveys, the baseline (1310 participants) and the final (1571 participants) surveys were tested for KSHV IgG antibody responses to K8.1 and ORF73 recombinant proteins using ELISA. The baseline survey was carried out before the trial intervention while the final survey was carried out after three years of the trial intervention. Additionally, a subset sample of 372 participants from the final survey was tested for IgE, IgG and IgG4 antibody concentrations to S. mansoni adults worm antigen (SWA) and S. mansoni egg antigen (SEA) using ELISA. Infection by helminths (S. mansoni, N. americanus, T. trichiura and S. stercoralis) was diagnosed using real-time PCR, urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) and stool microscopy (Kato-Katz method) while malaria infection was diagnosed using microscopy. We analysed the relationship between helminth and malaria infections and KSHV seropositivity using regression modelling, allowing for survey design. At baseline, 56% of the participants were male while 48% of the participants were male in the final survey. The most prevalent helminth infection was S. mansoni (at baseline 52% and 34% in the final survey by microscopy, 86% by CCA and 50% by PCR in the final survey). KSHV seropositivity was 66% (baseline) and 56% (final survey) among those 1–12 years and >80% in those 13+ years in both surveys; malaria parasitaemia prevalence was 7% (baseline) and 4% (final survey). At baseline, individuals infected with S. mansoni (detected by microscopy) were more likely to be KSHV seropositive (aOR = 1.86 (1.16, 2.99) p = 0.012) and had higher anti-K8.1 antibody levels (acoefficient = 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) p = 0.02). In the final survey, S. mansoni (by microscopy, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR = 1.43 (1.04–1.95), p = 0.028) and malaria parasitaemia (aOR = 3.49 (1.08–11.28), p = 0.038) were positively associated with KSHV seropositivity. Additionally, KSHV seropositive participants had higher S. mansoni-specific IgE and IgG antibody concentrations in plasma. Furthermore, HIV infected individuals on cART were less likely to be KSHV seropositive compared to HIV negative individuals (aOR = 0.46 (0.30, 0.71) p = 0.002). Schistosoma species skew the immune response towards Th2 and regulatory responses, which could impact on KSHV reactivation if co-infected with both organisms.<br />Author summary Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma cancer, varies geographically. KSHV infections are highest in sub-Saharan Africa, with Uganda having the highest prevalence reported to date. Infection with KSHV is lifelong with an intermittent revival of the virus, leading to viral spread. In this study, we show that infection with Schistosoma mansoni and malaria parasites is associated with being infected or exposed to KSHV. These parasite infections interfere with the proper functioning of the immune system to control viral infections. Although not shown in the current study, these parasite infections might lead to reactivation of KSHV in infected people increasing the likelihood of having detectable KSHV antibodies. Consequently, this viral reactivation may increase the spread of KSHV in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Subjects :
- RNA viruses
0301 basic medicine
Schistosoma Mansoni
Physiology
Cross-sectional study
RC955-962
Helminthiasis
HIV Infections
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
Praziquantel
0302 clinical medicine
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Immune Physiology
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
Medicine and Health Sciences
Uganda
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Child
Islands
Immune System Proteins
biology
Eukaryota
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Middle Aged
3. Good health
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Helminth Infections
Child, Preschool
Viral Pathogens
Herpesvirus 8, Human
Viruses
Schistosoma
Schistosoma mansoni
Pathogens
Antibody
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Research Article
Adult
Herpesviruses
Adolescent
Immunology
030231 tropical medicine
Antibodies, Helminth
Albendazole
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Antibodies
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
Antigen
Helminths
Retroviruses
parasitic diseases
Parasitic Diseases
medicine
Animals
Humans
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
Immunoassays
Microbial Pathogens
Aged
business.industry
Lentivirus
Organisms
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infant
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
HIV
Odds ratio
Immunoglobulin E
Tropical Diseases
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Invertebrates
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Malaria
Lakes
Cross-Sectional Studies
030104 developmental biology
Antigens, Helminth
Immunoglobulin G
Immunologic Techniques
biology.protein
DNA viruses
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 10, p e0007776 (2019), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cc84776f0cc31df98e0b9a7e0aa26e82