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Early single-dose treatment with exosomes provides neuroprotection and improves blood-brain barrier integrity in swine model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock
- Source :
- Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 88:207-218
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2019.
-
Abstract
- BACKGROUND Administration of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes can enhance neurorestoration in models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS). The impact of early treatment with MSC-derived exosomes on brain injury in a large animal model remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the impact of early single-dose exosome treatment on brain swelling and lesion size, blood-based cerebral biomarkers, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. METHODS Female Yorkshire swine were subjected to a severe TBI (12-mm cortical impact) and HS (40% estimated total blood volume). One hour into shock, animals were randomized (n = 5/cohort) to receive either lactated Ringer's (LR; 5 mL) or LR + exosomes (1 × 10 exosome particles in 5 mL LR). Animals then underwent additional shock (1 hour) followed by normal saline resuscitation. After 6 hours of observation, brain swelling (% increase compared with the uninjured side) and lesion size (mm) were assessed. Cerebral hemodynamics and blood-based biomarkers of brain injury were compared. Immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing with differential gene expression and pathway analysis were used to assess the integrity of the perilesion BBB. RESULTS Exosome-treated animals had significantly less (p < 0.05) brain swelling and smaller lesion size. They also had significantly decreased (p < 0.05) intracranial pressures and increased cerebral perfusion pressures. Exosome-treated animals had significantly decreased (p < 0.05) albumin extravasation and significantly higher (p < 0.05) laminin, claudin-5, and zonula occludens 1 levels. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis confirmed these findings. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were also significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the exosome-treated cohort at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSION In a large animal model of TBI and HS, early treatment with a single dose of MSC-derived exosomes significantly attenuates brain swelling and lesion size, decreases levels of blood-based cerebral biomarkers, and improves BBB integrity.
- Subjects :
- Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty
Time Factors
Traumatic brain injury
Resuscitation
Sus scrofa
Blood volume
Shock, Hemorrhagic
Exosomes
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Blood–brain barrier
Exosome
Lesion
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
medicine
Animals
Humans
Cerebral perfusion pressure
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
biology
business.industry
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
030208 emergency & critical care medicine
medicine.disease
Disease Models, Animal
Treatment Outcome
medicine.anatomical_structure
Blood-Brain Barrier
Shock (circulatory)
biology.protein
Female
Surgery
medicine.symptom
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 21630763 and 21630755
- Volume :
- 88
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cc4f177190b7dce95adb4755ce7ea147