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Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
- Source :
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 225, Iss, Pp 112786-(2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The occurrence of immuno-compromised status in animals with zearalenone (ZEA) exposure may be a critical contributor to associated mucosal (gastrointestinal tract) diseases. However, it is difficult to assess the associated risks with limited reference data. This study comprehensively discussed the effects of ZEA on intestinal immune components, cytokines and molecular mechanism of juvenile grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Specifically, the fish were fed six graded levels of dietary ZEA (0–2507 μg kg−1 diet) for 70 d. The results pointed out that the average residual amount of ZEA in the intestines increased with dose level after ZEA feeding. We further performed an infection assay using A. hydrophila. After 14 d, ZEA groups increased enteritis morbidity rate compared with controls. The acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZ) activities and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content were significantly decreased in three intestinal segments. Furthermore, ZEA could reduce the transcription of β-defensin-1, Hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A/2B (LEAP-2A/2B) and Mucin-2. We next confirmed the loss of these immune components accompanied by the invasion of the intestinal barrier by bacteria, as indicated by activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the expression of downstream cytokines. Notably, the phosphorylated target of rapamycin (TOR) plays an important role in regulating these genes, thus indicating a possible target caused by ZEA. In summary, the extensive inhibition of immune components by ZEA promotes the spread of pathogens, which may increase the possibility of intestinal mucosa exposure and the risk of transforming disease.
- Subjects :
- Carps
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Environmental pollution
Microbiology
Enteritis
chemistry.chemical_compound
Immune system
Intestinal mucosa
medicine
Animals
Mucus layer
GE1-350
Sirolimus
Gastrointestinal tract
biology
Pathogen infection
NF-kappa B
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Acid phosphatase
food and beverages
NF-κB
General Medicine
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Pollution
Aeromonas hydrophila
Grass carp
Immune
Environmental sciences
chemistry
TD172-193.5
biology.protein
Zearalenone
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 01476513
- Volume :
- 225
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cc463fc59b1579b69afd47ac30c827fc