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Invaginating Presynaptic Terminals in Neuromuscular Junctions, Photoreceptor Terminals, and Other Synapses of Animals
- Source :
- Neuromolecular medicine. 19(2-3)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Typically, presynaptic terminals form a synapse directly on the surface of postsynaptic processes such as dendrite shafts and spines. However, some presynaptic terminals invaginate—entirely or partially—into postsynaptic processes. We survey these invaginating presynaptic terminals in all animals and describe several examples from the central nervous system, including giant fiber systems in invertebrates, and cup-shaped spines, electroreceptor synapses, and some specialized auditory and vestibular nerve terminals in vertebrates. We then examine mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors, concentrating on the complex of pre- and postsynaptic processes found in basal invaginations of the cell. We discuss in detail the role of vertebrate invaginating horizontal cell processes in both chemical and electrical feedback mechanisms. We also discuss the common presence of indenting or invaginating terminals in neuromuscular junctions on muscles of most kinds of animals, and especially discuss those of Drosophila and vertebrates. Finally, we consider broad questions about the advantages of possessing invaginating presynaptic terminals and describe some effects of aging and disease, especially on neuromuscular junctions. We suggest that the invagination is a mechanism that can enhance both chemical and electrical interactions at the synapse.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Central nervous system
Neuromuscular Junction
Presynaptic Terminals
Dendrite
Biology
Synaptic Transmission
Article
Synapse
03 medical and health sciences
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
0302 clinical medicine
Species Specificity
Lateral inhibition
Postsynaptic potential
medicine
Animals
Photoreceptor Cells
Neurons, Afferent
Motor Neurons
Retina
Giant fiber
Dendrites
Vestibular nerve
Invertebrates
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Neurology
Synapses
Vertebrates
Molecular Medicine
Neuroscience
Mechanoreceptors
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15591174
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 2-3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Neuromolecular medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cbde9bee25deb892c34fc8d592408e91