Bacterial community dynamics explain carbon mineralization and assimilation in soils of different land‐use history

SummarySoil dwelling microorganisms are key players in the terrestrial carbon cycle, driving both the degradation and stabilization of soil organic matter. Bacterial community structure and function vary with respect to land-use, yet the ecological drivers of this variation remain poorly described and difficult to predict. We conducted a multi-substrate DNA-stable isotope probing experiment across cropland, old-field, and forest habitats to link carbon mineralization dynamics with the dynamics of bacterial growth and carbon assimilation. We tracked the movement of 13C derived from five distinct carbon sources as it was assimilated into bacterial DNA over time. We show that carbon mineralization, community composition, and carbon assimilation dynamics all differed with respect to land-use. We also show that microbial community dynamics affect carbon assimilation dynamics and are predictable from soil DNA content. Soil DNA yield is easy to measure and it predicts microbial community dynamics linked to soil carbon cycling.Originality-Significance StatementSoil dwelling microorganisms are key players in the terrestrial carbon cycle, driving both the degradation and stabilization of soil organic matter. Microbial communities vary with respect to land-use, but we still have an incomplete understanding of how variation in community structure links to variation in community function. DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) is a high-resolution method that can identify specific microbial taxa that assimilate carbon in situ. We conducted a large-scale multi-substrate DNA-SIP experiment to explore differences in bacterial activity across land-use regimes. We show that microbial community dynamics vary with land-use, that these dynamics are linked to soil carbon cycling, and that they are predicted from easily measured soil properties.