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Total organic halogen in two drinking water supply systems: Occurrence, variations, and relationship with trihalomethanes
- Source :
- Chemosphere. 288:132541
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2022.
-
Abstract
- The spatiotemporal presence of overall disinfection by-products (DBPs) in two full-scale drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) were investigated using quantification of total organic halogen (TOX). The relationships of TOX with water quality parameters (especially the most regulated DBPs, trihalomethanes (THMs)) were also evaluated. The TOX levels ranged between 2.6 and 70.3 μg Cl/L and between 46.6 and 205.9 μg Cl/L in raw water and distribution water, respectively. The TOX concentration in water increased by an average of nine times after water treatment and varied slightly during distribution, suggesting that TOX in drinking water was mainly formed during chlorination disinfection rather than distribution. No clear seasonality in TOX level was observed. Positive correlations were found between raw water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with an increase in TOX in treated water and between DOC level with TOX content in distributed water, emphasizing a key role of organics in TOX formation. Chloroform (TCM) was the dominant THM, followed by bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in the drinking water, and the levels of the other two measured THMs (dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were negligible. THM2 (sum of TCM and BDCM) made up average of 18% of the TOX, and was weakly correlated with TOX content (rs = 0.321; P
- Subjects :
- Environmental Engineering
Chloroform
Drinking Water
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Dibromochloromethane
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
General Medicine
General Chemistry
Bromodichloromethane
Dissolved Organic Matter
Pollution
chemistry.chemical_compound
Halogens
chemistry
Environmental chemistry
Dissolved organic carbon
Environmental Chemistry
Water treatment
Water quality
Bromoform
Raw water
Trihalomethanes
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00456535
- Volume :
- 288
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cb9af3acea01366d99f96fa73094d961