Back to Search
Start Over
Effect of Fructose on Established Lipid Targets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials
- Source :
- Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Background Debate over the role of fructose in mediating cardiovascular risk remains active. To update the evidence on the effect of fructose on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular disease (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [ LDL ]‐C, apolipoprotein B, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [ HDL ‐C]), and metabolic syndrome (triglycerides and HDL ‐C), we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled feeding trials. Methods and Results MEDLINE , EMBASE , CINHAL , and the Cochrane Library were searched through July 7, 2015 for controlled feeding trials with follow‐up ≥7 days, which investigated the effect of oral fructose compared to a control carbohydrate on lipids ( LDL ‐C, apolipoprotein B, non‐ HDL ‐C, triglycerides, and HDL ‐C) in participants of all health backgrounds. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data were pooled using random effects models and expressed as mean difference with 95% CI . Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I 2 statistic). Eligibility criteria were met by 51 isocaloric trials (n=943), in which fructose was provided in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates, and 8 hypercaloric trials (n=125), in which fructose supplemented control diets with excess calories compared to the control diets alone without the excess calories. Fructose had no effect on LDL ‐C, non‐ HDL ‐C, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, or HDL ‐C in isocaloric trials. However, in hypercaloric trials, fructose increased apolipoprotein B (n=2 trials; mean difference = 0.18 mmol/L; 95% CI : 0.05, 0.30; P =0.005) and triglycerides (n=8 trials; mean difference = 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI : 0.11, 0.41; P Conclusions Pooled analyses showed that fructose only had an adverse effect on established lipid targets when added to existing diets so as to provide excess calories (+21% to 35% energy). When isocalorically exchanged for other carbohydrates, fructose had no adverse effects on blood lipids. More trials that are larger, longer, and higher quality are required. Clinical Trials Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ . Unique Identifier: NCT 01363791.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Calorie
Time Factors
Apolipoprotein B
030309 nutrition & dietetics
Blood lipids
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Fructose
Cochrane Library
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
Dietary Carbohydrates
Medicine
Humans
Adverse effect
Triglycerides
Original Research
Dyslipidemias
2. Zero hunger
Metabolic Syndrome
0303 health sciences
Chi-Square Distribution
biology
business.industry
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol, LDL
medicine.disease
Lipids
3. Good health
meta-analysis
Endocrinology
nutrition
chemistry
Cardiovascular Diseases
Meta-analysis
Apolipoprotein B-100
biology.protein
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic
Metabolic syndrome
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Energy Intake
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20479980
- Volume :
- 4
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....cb287adb660710a3c65247b1bd495604