Fluoroscopy and contrast media use in cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation using a novel imaging system

Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using cryoballoon (CB) catheter is generally characterized by a high radiation and contrast media exposure. A new dielectric imaging system (KODEX–EPD imaging system) allows pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion assessment without dye use. The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of reducing the radiation and dye use during CB ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using the new dielectric imaging system. In a retrospective, single center study, we enrolled 34 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF divided in two groups: 17 patients in Conventional Group underwent the procedure under fluoroscopy guidance before the new system introduction, while 17 patient in KODEX–EPD Group underwent the procedure under fluoroscopy and KODEX–EPD imaging system guidance. There were no differences in any clinical and anatomical characteristics between the two study groups. Overall procedure time was comparable between the two groups (69 [IQR 63–98] min in Conventional Group vs. 65 [IQR 58–74] min in KODEX–EPD Group, p = 0.16), while fluoroscopy time (8 [IQR 5–9] min vs. 11 [IQR 9–12] min, p = 0.014) and dye use (35 [IQR 28–45] ml vs. 70 [IQR 57–83] ml, p