Seismic properties in conductive and convective hot and super-hot geothermal systems

Seismic methods contribute to the exploration of geothermal areas and characterization of existing geothermal resources. Seismic velocity and attenuation depend on the pressure and temperature conditions of the geothermal systems, which are closely related to the properties of the rock frame and geothermal fluids. We calculate the seismic velocities and attenuation in terms of the subsurface distribution of the confining and pore pressures and temperature, assuming that the heat transfer from below is convective or conductive. The pore pressure is assumed hydrostatic. In hydrothermal systems the temperature is calculated assuming the boiling point condition at the specific pore pressure down to the reservoir. Beneath the reservoir it is assumed constant in convectively heated systems and following a constant temperature gradient in conductively heated systems. In Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) conductive heat transfer and constant temperature gradient are assumed. We present three application examples, considering simplified subsurface models to describe the geothermal systems beneath the production wells. The seismic wave properties are calculated using the rock's mechanical Burgers model and the Arrhenius equation to take into account rock-properties-variability with temperature and the Gassmann model for fluid saturating the porous rocks.