Electrochemical Stability of the Reconstructed Fe3O4(001) Surface

HAL Id: hal-03021641 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03021641
Establishing the atomic‐scale structure of metal‐oxide surfaces during electrochemical reactions is a key step to modeling this important class of electrocatalysts. Here, we demonstrate that the characteristic (√2×√2)R45° surface reconstruction formed on (001)‐oriented magnetite single crystals is maintained after immersion in 0.1 M NaOH at 0.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl and we investigate its dependence on the electrode potential. We follow the evolution of the surface using in situ and operando surface X‐ray diffraction from the onset of hydrogen evolution, to potentials deep in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime. The reconstruction remains stable for hours between −0.20 and 0.60 V and, surprisingly, is still present at anodic current densities of up to 10 mA cm−2 and strongly affects the OER kinetics. We attribute this to a stabilization of the Fe3O4 bulk by the reconstructed surface. At more negative potentials, a gradual and largely irreversible lifting of the reconstruction is observed due to the onset of oxide reduction.
We gratefully acknowledge financial support by AGENCIA PICT 20141415 and 2016069, EC‐MEC (ANR‐15‐CE30‐0024‐01 and DFG‐Ma1618/2020), European Research Council—European Union's Horizon 2020 (864628), Austrian Science Fund FWF (Project Z‐250 Wittgenstein Prize), and RyC program RYC‐2017‐21931 and Basque Government Project (IT‐1255‐19). D.G. acknowledges Federico López for assistance with the TOC. We thank the ESRF for the PhD fellowship for T.W. and the ID03 beamline staff—in particular H. Isern.