Immunotoxicity assessment of cadinene sesquiterpenes from Eupatorium adenophorum in mice

Sesquiterpenes in Eupatorium adenophorum are abundant in leaves and have great development potential as biopesticides. The toxicity of sesquiterpenes in immune cells and their corresponding immune functions are not fully understood. We evaluated the immunotoxicity of two cadinene sesquiterpenes 2-deoxo-2-(acetyloxy)-9-oxoageraphorone (DAOA) and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-agerophorone (ODA) by using histopathology and toxicology methods in vitro and in vivo in lymphocytes and natural killer cells in Kunming mice. The mice were given single doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) of DAOA/ODA every day for a week. Serious damage to the thymus and spleen was found in tissue images with clear lysis reduction numbers and a loosened arrangement of splenocytes and thymocytes to the mice treated with 150–300 mg kg−1 DAOA/ODA. Mice cytology was also affected with significant cellular alterations, increased splenocytes apoptosis rates (P