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Prenatal Origins of ASD: The When, What, and How of ASD Development
- Source :
- Trends in neurosciences, vol 43, iss 5, Trends Neurosci
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- eScholarship, University of California, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a largely heritable, multistage prenatal disorder that impacts a child's ability to perceive and react to social information. Most ASD risk genes are expressed prenatally in many ASD-relevant brain regions and fall into two categories: broadly expressed regulatory genes that are expressed in the brain and other organs, and brain-specific genes. In trimesters one to three (Epoch-1), one set of broadly expressed (the majority) and brain-specific risk genes disrupts cell proliferation, neurogenesis, migration, and cell fate, while in trimester three and early postnatally (Epoch-2) another set (the majority being brain specific) disrupts neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and the 'wiring' of the cortex. A proposed model is that upstream, highly interconnected regulatory ASD gene mutations disrupt transcriptional programs or signaling pathways resulting in dysregulation of downstream processes such as proliferation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neural activity. Dysregulation of signaling pathways is correlated with ASD social symptom severity. Since the majority of ASD risk genes are broadly expressed, many ASD individuals may benefit by being treated as having a broader medical disorder. An important future direction is the noninvasive study of ASD cell biology.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism
Synaptogenesis
Gene mutation
brain specific
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
synapse
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
Psychology
Aetiology
Regulator gene
Pediatric
General Neuroscience
Neurogenesis
Brain
Cell Differentiation
Mental Health
Autism spectrum disorder
Female
Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
Cognitive Sciences
regulatory
Pediatric Research Initiative
prenatal
proliferation
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)
Neuronal Outgrowth
broadly expressed
Biology
Cell fate determination
behavioral disciplines and activities
Article
03 medical and health sciences
mental disorders
medicine
Genetics
Humans
gene
Gene
Neurology & Neurosurgery
Neurosciences
medicine.disease
Stem Cell Research
Brain Disorders
030104 developmental biology
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Trends in neurosciences, vol 43, iss 5, Trends Neurosci
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c7c474ecd73601c8f1b4311a9538d85e