Effect of Tetrahydrobiopterin on Blood Pressure in Rats after Subtotal Nephrectomy

Background: Previous studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction after 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) in rats is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased vascular superoxide production. Blood pressure is significantly increased by day 10 after surgery. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a key cofactor of NO synthase. Suboptimal levels of BH4 result in uncoupling of NO synthase, low NO synthesis and augmented production of superoxide anions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BH4 supplementation may improve NO production and prevent the increase of blood pressure after 5/6 Nx. Methods: Three groups were evaluated: 5/6 Nx (untreated rats), BH4 (5/6 Nx rats treated with BH4, 10 mg/day i.p. for 10 days) and L-ARG (5/6 Nx rats treated with L-arginine, 260 mg/kg BW, p.o for 10 days). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary nitrate excretion (UNO3) and creatinine clearance (CCR) were measured before surgery and on days 3 and 10 after surgery. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein content of mesenteric resistance vessels was measured at the end of the study. Results: SBP increased from 107 ± 2 to 127 ± 4 mm Hg in untreated 5/6 Nx rats (p < 0.01). By contrast, rats treated with BH4 or L-ARG remained normotensive. Ten days after 5/6 Nx, creatinine clearance decreased similarly in all groups. Both BH4 and L-ARG supplementation markedly increased UNO3 excretion. The mesenteric vascular expression of eNOs protein was significantly higher in BH4 but not in L-ARG, compared with Nx rats. Conclusions: BH4 supplementation prevents the earlier increase in blood pressure observed in rats after 5/6 Nx, possibly by upregulating eNOS in resistance vessels.