Striking Promotion of the In Vitro Myeloma Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Aggregation by Ankaferd Hemostat

Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a novel topical hemostatic agent. ABS-induced formation of the protein network with vital erythro- id aggregation covers the entire physiological hemostatic process. ABS has pleiotropic cellular, proteomic, transcriptomic, and me- tabolomic effects. ABS also affects the expression of important hemostatic molecules namely PAR-1, EPCR and PAI-1. The aim of this study was to detect the macroscopic, biochemical, and cytopathological effects of ABS on myeloma monoclonal immunoglo- bulin (M-protein). Based on our results, the addition of ABS into the serum of both multiple myeloma (MM) and control groups resul- ted in significantly decrements in the level of total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA and IgM. Furthermore, the decrements in the MM pati- ents were more pronounced than in the healthy control subjects. ABS has a potential role in decreasing of serum proteins and mo- noclonal M- proteins. Moreover, the declining in the neoplastic monoclonal M-protein was more prominent. We hypothesized that ABS could be used as an "agglutination-controlling factor" for myeloma monoclonal proteins and the protein-aggregating effects of ABS may be helpful for expressing the regulatory molecules promoting or preventing the myeloma protein aggregation.