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Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil
- Source :
- Brazilian Journal of Biology, Volume: 82, Article number: e231838, Published: 05 MAR 2021, Brazilian Journal of Biology v.82 2022, Brazilian Journal of Biology, Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (IIE), instacron:IIE, Brazilian Journal of Biology, Vol 82 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO), 2022.
-
Abstract
- Use of antibiotics inevitably leads to antimicrobial resistance. Selection for resistance occurs primarily within the gut of humans and animals as well as in the environment through natural resistance and residual antibiotics in streams and soil. We evaluated antimicrobial resistance in Gram negative bacteria from a river system in a rural community in Bahia, Brazil. Water was collected from the Jiquiriçá and Brejões rivers and the piped water supply. Additionally, stools were collected from a random sample of residents, cows, pigs and horses near the river. The samples were screened for bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and meropenem and identified biochemically at the genus and species levels. Microbial source tracking demonstrated that ruminant and human fecal contamination increased as the rivers neared the village center and decreased after the last residence. Antibiotic bacteria were identified from all samples (n = 32). No bacteria were resistant to carbapenems, but the majority of the enterobacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin, even though this class of antibiotics is not commonly used in food animals in this region. Considering these facts, together with the pattern of human fecal contamination, a human source was considered most likely for these resistant isolates. Resumo O uso de antibióticos inevitavelmente leva à resistência antimicrobiana. A seleção para resistência antimicrobiana ocorre principalmente no intestino de seres humanos e animais, bem como no meio ambiente, através da resistência natural e resíduos de antibióticos nos esgotos e no solo. Avaliamos a resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias Gram-negativas de um sistema fluvial em uma comunidade rural da Bahia, Brasil. A água foi coletada nos rios Jiquiriçá e Brejões e no abastecimento de água encanada. Além disso, foram coletadas amostras randomizadas de fezes de moradores, vacas, porcos e cavalos próximos ao rio. As amostras foram triadas para bactérias resistentes à ciprofloxacina, cefotaxima e meropenem e identificadas bioquimicamente nos níveis de gênero e espécie. O rastreamento de fontes microbianas demonstrou que a contaminação fecal de ruminantes e humanos aumentou à medida que os rios se aproximavam do centro da vila e diminuía após a última residência. Bactérias resistentes a antibióticos foram identificadas em todas as amostras (n = 32). Nenhuma bactéria demonstrou ser resistente aos carbapenêmicos testados, contudo, foi encontrado enterobactérias resistentes à ciprofloxacina, ainda que essa classe de antibióticos não seja comumente usada na medicina veterinária dos animais dessa região. Considerando esses fatos, juntamente com o padrão de contaminação fecal avaliado, a fonte de contaminação humana foi considerada a mais provável na interação desses isolados resistentes.
- Subjects :
- Rural Population
Veterinary medicine
Gram-negative bacteria
Cefotaxime
Swine
QH301-705.5
medicine.drug_class
Science
sanitation
Antibiotics
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Drug resistance
Antibiotic resistance
Rivers
Enterobacteriaceae
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
medicine
Animals
Humans
Biology (General)
biology
Botany
gado
biology.organism_classification
saneamento
Anti-Bacterial Agents
livestock
Fecal coliform
Ciprofloxacin
QL1-991
QK1-989
fecal contamination
contaminação fecal
Cattle
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Zoology
Brazil
Bacteria
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16784375 and 15196984
- Volume :
- 82
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Brazilian Journal of Biology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c71567c2067aa4614f5eaa8ecfd1289c
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.231838