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Extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredients from simulated spent activated carbonaceous adsorbents
- Source :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Activated carbon (AC) and activated biochar (ABC) are widely used as sorbents for micropollutant removal during water and wastewater treatment. Spent adsorbents can be treated in several ways, e.g., by incineration, disposal in landfills, or reactivation. Regeneration is an attractive and potentially more economically viable alternative to modern post-treatment practices. Current strategies for assessing the performance of regeneration techniques often involve only repeated adsorption and regeneration cycles, and rarely involve direct measurements of micropollutants remaining on the adsorbent after regeneration. However, the use of regenerated adsorbents containing such residual micropollutants could present an environmental risk. In this study, the extraction of eight active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) commonly found in treated effluents was evaluated using 10 solvents and sorption onto three different carbon materials. An optimized extraction method was developed involving ultrasonication in 1:1 methanol:dichloromethane with 5% formic acid. This method achieved recoveries of 60 to 99% per API for an API concentration of 2 μg/g char and 27 to 129% per API for an API concentration of 1 mg/g char. Experiments using a mixture of 82 common APIs revealed that the optimized protocol achieved extraction recoveries above 70% for 29 of these APIs. These results show that the new extraction method could be a useful tool for assessing the regenerative properties of different carbon sorbents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-020-08822-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- Formic acid
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Activated carbon
02 engineering and technology
Incineration
010501 environmental sciences
Wastewater
01 natural sciences
Water Purification
chemistry.chemical_compound
Adsorption
Biochar
medicine
Environmental Chemistry
Regeneration
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Active ingredient
Activated biochar
Chemistry
Extraction (chemistry)
Sorption
General Medicine
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Pulp and paper industry
Miljövetenskap
Pollution
Charcoal
API
Pharmaceuticals
Sewage treatment
Micropollutants
0210 nano-technology
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Environmental Sciences
medicine.drug
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c6e042bc836edf61d8b9626ab1061e08