Percutaneous Pulmonary Vein Stenting for the Treatment of Severe Stenosis After Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Introduction: Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a potential complication of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using radiofrequency energy. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the severity and long-term outcome of primary angioplasty and angioplasty with pulmonary vein stenting for PVS. Methods and Results: Twelve patients with 15 PVS (greater than 70% stenosis) were prospectively evaluated. Primary dilation of the stenosis was performed because of clinical symptoms (10 patients) and/or the lung perfusion scans showed a significant perfusion defect (11 patients). Magnetic resonance imaging and lung perfusion scans performed before, directly after, during 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. In the stenting group additional multislice CT-scans directly after, during 6-month, and 12-month follow-up were performed. Within 2 months after primary balloon angioplasty, the PV size parameters were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) with recurrence of PVS in 11 of 15 PVs (73%). Pulmonary vein stenting in 8 patients and 11 PVs resulted in no vein stenosis during 12-month follow-up. Normalization of lung perfusion was noted in 8 of 12 patients. We observed 2 patients with hemoptysis during PV dilation, as severe complications with potential life-threatening character. Conclusion: PVS stenting seems to be superior to balloon angioplasty and effective at least over a period of 12 months in treating acquired PVS after pulmonary vein isolation.