Identification of smut resistance in wild arachis species and its introgression into peanut elite lines

Peanut smut caused by Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist has been an issue for farmers and the peanut industry (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Argentina since the mid-1990s. This disease causes pod malformation due to hypertrophy of seed tissues; in addition, colonized cells filled with teliospores give seeds a smutted mass appearance. Incidence may reach up to 52% in commercial plots, with up to 35% yield losses. Cultural management strategies and chemical treatment have not been effective; therefore, growing resistant varieties is likely to be the most effective control method for this disease. This study is aimed to identify sources of resistance in wild Arachis and to develop pre-breeding materials for transferring the trait to cultivated peanut. After 3 yr of field trials using a randomized complete block design, the seven accessions of wild species assayed were resistant to smut. An amphidiploid [A. correntina(Burkart) Krapov. & W.C. Greg. × A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.] × A. batizocoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.)4× was obtained and subsequently crossed with and experimental line of A. hypogaea for the development of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (89 lines). The RIL population showed a high phenotypic variability for resistance to peanut smut. The amphidiploid and 22 RILs were highly resistant, illustrating the effective transmission of resistance to peanut smut from the wild diploids into A. hypogaea. The development of RILs with resistance derived from wild species is a significant step towards the development of new peanut cultivars with different sources of resistance to peanut smut. Fil: de Blas, Francisco Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Bressano, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Teich, Ingrid. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina Fil: Balzarini, Monica Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Arias, Renee S.. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos Fil: Manifesto, María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina Fil: Costero, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Oddino, Claudio Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina Fil: Soave, Sara Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina Fil: Soave, Juan A.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina Fil: Buteler, Mario I.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina Fil: Massa, Alicia N.. No especifíca; Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina