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Searching for Evidence of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for Pediatric Obesity Interventions With a Focus on Leptin, Ghrelin, and Adiponectin
- Source :
- Biological research for nursing, vol 19, iss 5
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Problem: To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity, one must understand the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation. The peptide hormones leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin are involved in both, but their functions are dysregulated in obesity. The purpose of this systematic review is (1) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes, (2) to assess risk of bias in the studies, and (3) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index (BMI). Eligibility Criteria: Peer-reviewed articles written in English, published in 2001–2016, and describing randomized controlled trials of pediatric interventions involving a nutrition component with the outcome measures leptin, ghrelin, and/or adiponectin were included. Articles were excluded if the intervention involved pharmaceuticals, supplements, infant formula, breastfeeding, or surgery. Sample: The 25 international studies represented 2,153 obese children. Results: Ten diets were identified. Successful interventions included both structured exercise and hypocaloric dietary components, with or without counseling, resistance training, or medical components. Direct measures of adiposity were used in 69% of studies. Comparison group designs were disparate. Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased. Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive. Conclusions: Despite known effects of maturation on hormones, studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage. Common anti-inflammatory and disease risk modification diets were missing or underrepresented. Studies that include children with comorbidities are needed. BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship, but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive.
- Subjects :
- Leptin
Male
Pediatric Obesity
Psychological intervention
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Bioinformatics
Cardiovascular
Oral and gastrointestinal
law.invention
0302 clinical medicine
Randomized controlled trial
law
030212 general & internal medicine
Child
Cancer
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Pediatric
Ghrelin
Stroke
Child, Preschool
Female
Adiponectin
medicine.symptom
Adolescent
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Inflammation
Nursing
Peptide hormone
dietary interventions
03 medical and health sciences
Clinical Research
medicine
Humans
Obesity
Preschool
Metabolic and endocrine
Nutrition
Research and Theory
adiponectin
business.industry
Prevention
medicine.disease
business
Diet Therapy
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15524175
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biological research for nursing
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....c633ce9277dd0c2c338616191cd1da71